Q.1: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The first issue of Harijan (English) appeared on February 11, 1933.
Reason (R): Gandhi was released from jail on this specific day.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. Gandhi was still in prison (Yerwada) when the first issue was published; he edited it from within his cell with government permission.
Q.2: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi called the press “The Great Power.”
Reason (R): He believed the press had the power to both liberate and enslave the human mind.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He warned that a misused press could be more dangerous than a plague.
Q.3: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Indian Opinion shifted its base from Durban to the Phoenix Settlement in 1904.
Reason (R): The city of Durban was hit by an earthquake that destroyed the press building.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. The move was a ideological choice for a simpler, communal lifestyle, not a response to a natural disaster.
Q.4: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi avoided the use of “cartoons” or “caricatures” in his papers.
Reason (R): He believed that making fun of opponents was a form of “Hinsa” (violence).
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Gandhi’s journals were visually very plain, focusing entirely on the weight of the written word.
Q.5: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Young India was officially closed in February 1932.
Reason (R): Gandhi had lost interest in journalism by the 1930s.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. He closed it due to government repression and later started Harijan as a fresh start.
Q.6: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s article “Death Dance” (1922) criticized the British police.
Reason (R): He used the term to describe the mob violence in Chauri Chaura.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. The article criticized the violent “dance” of the Indian mob, not the British.
Q.7: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Harijan Sevak was edited by Viyogi Hari.
Reason (R): It was the Hindi version of Gandhi’s weekly newspaper for social reform.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Viyogi Hari was a close associate who managed the Hindi editorial responsibilities under Gandhi’s guidance.
Q.8: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): In his editorial policy, Gandhi encouraged “anonymous” letters to the editor.
Reason (R): He believed it protected the identity of the whistleblowers.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. Gandhi generally disliked anonymity and believed people should have the courage to sign their names to their opinions.
Q.9: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The Great Trial of 1922 took place in Ahmedabad.
Reason (R): The articles in question were published in Young India, which was based in Ahmedabad.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The trial was held at the Circuit House in Ahmedabad, presided over by Justice C.N. Broomfield.
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Q.10: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi stopped the Hindi and Tamil sections of Indian Opinion in 1906.
Reason (R): He realized that the workload was too high for his small staff at Phoenix.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Eventually, Indian Opinion became an English and Gujarati bi-lingual paper to ensure quality over quantity.
Q.11: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi once stated, “I have taken up journalism merely as an aid to my mission.”
Reason (R): His primary mission was the spiritual and political liberation of India.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: For Gandhi, journalism was a “means,” never an “end” in itself.
Q.12: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The article “Shaking the Manes” was published in February 1922.
Reason (R): This article directly led to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. The Chauri Chaura incident (and the article “The Crime of Chauri Chaura”) led to the suspension, not “Shaking the Manes.”
Q.13: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Young India had a significantly higher circulation than Navajivan.
Reason (R): English was the language of the educated class in India.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. Navajivan (Gujarati) actually had a larger circulation because it reached the common folk.
Q.14: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s editorial board was composed of people from various religions.
Reason (R): He wanted to practice the communal harmony he preached in his papers.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: From Mansukhlal Nazar (Hindu) to Henry Polak (Jewish) and C.F. Andrews (Christian), his circle was diverse.
Q.15: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi believed that a journalist should be ready to go to jail for their words.
Reason (R): He considered imprisonment as the ultimate proof of a writer’s sincerity.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He practiced this himself, never seeking bail or defending his seditious writings.
Q.16: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Indian Opinion was moved from Durban to Johannesburg in 1904.
Reason (R): Johannesburg was the political hub of South Africa.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. It was moved to the Phoenix Settlement near Durban.
Q.17: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi launched a handwritten newspaper during the Salt Satyagraha.
Reason (R): The British government had seized his printing presses.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He encouraged the use of “handwritten” news-sheets to bypass the official censorship of printed materials.
Q.18: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Harijan was free for all readers.
Reason (R): Gandhi wanted every person in India to read his message against untouchability.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. Gandhi insisted that people should pay for the paper to show they valued the content.
Q.19: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Judge Broomfield expressed regret while sentencing Gandhi in 1922.
Reason (R): He acknowledged Gandhi as a “great patriot and leader” even while convicting him.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Broomfield’s judgment is one of the most famous in legal history for its respectful tone toward the accused.
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Q.20: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s papers were never banned by the British government.
Reason (R): Gandhi was very careful to stay within the legal limits of the Press Act.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: His papers were frequently banned or threatened with security deposits, and Gandhi often wrote “seditious” content on purpose.
Q.21: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The title Navajivan means “New World.”
Reason (R): Gandhi wanted to create a new world order through his journalism.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. Navajivan means “New Life.”
Q.22: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s journalism helped in the abolition of the 3-Pound Tax in South Africa.
Reason (R): Indian Opinion mobilized the masses and brought international attention to the plight of laborers.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The paper was the primary tool for organizing the Satyagraha that led to the Indian Relief Act of 1914.
Q.23: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi wrote his articles in a state of “prayerful calm.”
Reason (R): He believed that a journalist must have complete control over his emotions before writing.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He often meditated or prayed before writing key editorials to ensure they were free of anger or malice.
Q.24: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Young India ceased publication forever in 1948.
Reason (R): It was replaced by the Harijan papers much earlier in 1932-33.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. It stopped in 1932.
Q.25: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi is often called the “Father of Ethical Journalism” in India.
Reason (R): He set the precedent for advertising-free, truth-based, and service-oriented journalism.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Gandhi’s principles still inspire media ethics courses and independent journalism today.