Q.1: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi started the newspaper Indian Opinion in 1903.
Reason (R): He wanted to provide a platform for Indians in South Africa to protest against racial discrimination.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Indian Opinion was established in Natal, South Africa, to unify the Indian community and highlight their legal and social grievances under colonial rule.
Q.2: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi refused to accept commercial advertisements in Young India.
Reason (R): He believed that advertising revenue would compromise the independence and moral integrity of the newspaper.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Gandhi’s editorial policy was strictly “No Ads.” He felt a newspaper should be supported solely by its readers to remain a “service” rather than a “business.”
Q.3: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Young India was transitioned into a weekly publication under Gandhi’s editorship in 1919.
Reason (R): Before Gandhi took over, it was published as a bi-weekly journal from Bombay.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Gandhi moved the publication to Ahmedabad and changed its frequency to weekly to better suit his educational and political goals.
Q.4: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): In 1922, Gandhi was charged with sedition for writing the article “Shaking the Manes.”
Reason (R): The British authorities viewed the article as an attempt to excite disaffection against the Government established by law.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: “Shaking the Manes” (February 1922) was one of three specific articles cited in the warrant for Gandhi’s arrest leading to the Great Trial.
Q.5: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Harijan was launched by Gandhi while he was serving time in Yerwada Jail in 1933.
Reason (R): He wanted to focus the nation’s attention on the abolition of “untouchability” and social reform.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The first issue of Harijan came out on February 11, 1933. It became his primary vehicle for social reform after Young India ceased.
Q.6: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi moved the Indian Opinion press to the Phoenix Settlement in 1904.
Reason (R): He was deeply influenced by John Ruskin’s book Unto This Last, which advocated for manual labor and community living.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The Phoenix Settlement combined the “simple life” with journalism, requiring every staff member to work in the fields as well as on the printing press.
Q.7: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s newspaper Navajivan was published in Gujarati and Hindi.
Reason (R): English was the only language Gandhi used to spread the message of Non-Cooperation.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false because Gandhi used Navajivan (Gujarati/Hindi) specifically to reach the rural masses who did not understand English.
Q.8: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): In the article “Tampering with Loyalty,” Gandhi encouraged Indian soldiers to desert the British Army.
Reason (R): He believed that serving an “unrighteous” government was a sin.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This article (September 1921) defended the Ali brothers and argued that loyalty to a government that harms the nation is actually disloyalty to the country.
Q.9: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi believed that if a newspaper cannot pay its way through subscriptions, it should be closed down.
Reason (R): He advocated for heavy government subsidies to keep nationalist newspapers running.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. Gandhi was vehemently against government subsidies or corporate funding, believing they restricted a writer’s freedom.
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Q.10: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The article “The Puzzle and Its Solution” (1921) dealt with the mass arrests of Satyagrahis.
Reason (R): Gandhi argued that the solution to the “puzzle” of British oppression was to fill the jails non-violently.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Published in Young India, this article encouraged people to embrace imprisonment as a badge of honor in the struggle for Swaraj.
Q.11: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Mansukhlal Nazar was the first editor of Indian Opinion.
Reason (R): Gandhi did not want his name officially associated with any newspaper in South Africa.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. While Nazar was the honorary editor, Gandhi was publicly known as the founder and primary contributor.
Q.12: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi stopped the publication of Young India and Navajivan in 1931-1932.
Reason (R): The British government had banned all newspapers in India during the Salt Satyagraha.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: While there was heavy censorship, Gandhi suspended the papers primarily to focus on the Civil Disobedience movement and later replaced them with Harijan.
Q.13: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s editorial style was known for its excessive use of complex legal jargon and metaphors.
Reason (R): He was a London-trained barrister and preferred to write for the intellectual elite.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. Gandhi’s style was famously simple, direct, and avoided adjectives to ensure he was understood by the common person.
Q.14: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Harijan Bandhu was the Gujarati edition of the Harijan weekly.
Reason (R): Gandhi used the word “Harijan” to refer to members of the Dalit community.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: Both statements are true, but the naming of the community (R) does not explain the translation/existence of the Gujarati edition (A).
Q.15: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi was sentenced to six years of imprisonment in the trial of 1922.
Reason (R): He pleaded “Not Guilty” to the charges of sedition and demanded a trial by jury.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. Gandhi famously pleaded Guilty and asked the judge for the maximum penalty allowed by law.
Q.16: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Indian Opinion was initially published in four languages: English, Gujarati, Hindi, and Tamil.
Reason (R): The Indian diaspora in South Africa was linguistically diverse, consisting of people from different parts of India.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The multilingual approach was a deliberate strategy to unify the indentured laborers and traders under one political banner.
Q.17: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi wrote “The Crime of Chauri Chaura” in February 1922.
Reason (R): He was praising the bravery of the protesters who set the police station on fire.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. In this article, Gandhi severely condemned the violence and called it a “Himalayan miscalculation.”
Q.18: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi considered journalism a means of “Atmavishvas” (Self-confidence) for the nation.
Reason (R): He used his papers to document his own personal failures and experiments with truth.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: Both are true, but his use of personal transparency (R) was more about truth-telling than just building national confidence (A).
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___________________________________________________________________________Q.19: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): During the Quit India Movement (1942), Gandhi refused to publish Harijan under government restrictions.
Reason (R): He preferred to shut down the paper rather than have its content vetted by British censors.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Gandhi believed that a “muzzled” newspaper was worse than no newspaper at all.
Q.20: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The article “A Penance for Our Sins” focused on the moral purification of the Satyagrahis.
Reason (R): Gandhi believed that India was not yet ready for Swaraj because the people lacked non-violent discipline.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Gandhi argued that the Chauri Chaura violence proved that the movement lacked the spiritual maturity required for success.
Q.21: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Navajivan was a Gujarati weekly that Gandhi took over in 1919.
Reason (R): He wanted a medium to speak specifically to the farmers and laborers of Gujarat.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Navajivan (meaning “New Life”) became immensely popular in rural Gujarat and reached a circulation that surpassed many English dailies.
Q.22: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi never allowed his newspapers to be used for fundraising for the Congress party.
Reason (R): He felt that political parties should have their own separate organs for money-related matters.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. Gandhi frequently used Young India and Harijan to appeal for funds for causes like the Tilak Swaraj Fund or the Harijan Sevak Sangh.
Q.23: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s “Journalistic Creed” prioritized truth over circulation numbers.
Reason (R): He once stopped a paper’s publication when he felt the readers were not following the principles of truth and non-violence.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Gandhi was willing to lose his entire audience if it meant he didn’t have to compromise on the truth.
Q.24: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The British Government passed the Indian Press Act of 1910 to curb nationalist journalism.
Reason (R): Gandhi’s Young India was the main target of the 1910 Act.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false because Gandhi didn’t take over Young India until 1919. The 1910 Act targeted earlier revolutionary journals.
Q.25: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Gandhi’s autobiography was first serialized in Navajivan.
Reason (R): He wanted to share his life story first with the people of his home state in their mother tongue.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The Story of My Experiments with Truth appeared in Navajivan between 1925 and 1929 before being translated into English for Young India.