Q.1: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Jawaharlal Nehru founded the National Herald in September 1938.
Reason (R): He wanted to establish a newspaper that could voice the aspirations of the Indian National Congress.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The National Herald was launched on September 9, 1938, in Lucknow specifically to serve as a nationalist mouthpiece during the freedom struggle.
Q.2: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru is often called a “defender of the free press.”
Reason (R): He famously stated that he would prefer a free press with all its dangers over a suppressed press.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This philosophy guided the democratic framework of India post-1947, even when the press was critical of his own government.
Q.3: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The National Herald was forced to suspend publication in 1942.
Reason (R): The British government banned the paper due to its support for the Quit India Movement.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The paper remained closed for nearly three years as the British authorities seized its press and arrested its staff.
Q.4: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru wrote an anonymous article titled “The Rashtrapati” criticizing himself.
Reason (R): He used the pseudonym ‘Chanakya’ to warn the Indian public against his own potential for autocracy.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Published in The Modern Review in 1937, this article is considered a unique example of self-criticism in political history.
Q.5: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The editorial policy of the National Herald was strictly anti-communal.
Reason (R): Nehru believed that communalism was the biggest threat to Indian unity and the freedom struggle.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The paper consistently fought against the “Two-Nation Theory” and promoted secular nationalism.
Q.6: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru appointed M. Chalapathi Rau as the editor of the National Herald.
Reason (R): Rau was known for his subservience and willingness to print whatever the government dictated.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. M. Chalapathi Rau was famously independent and often took editorial stances that challenged Nehru’s own government.
Q.7: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The motto of the National Herald was “Freedom is in Peril, Defend it with all your Might.”
Reason (R): This motto was chosen during the Cold War to fight against Soviet influence.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. The motto was chosen at the time of the paper’s inception in 1938 to warn against British colonial oppression and the rise of global fascism.
Q.8: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru started the Urdu daily Qaumi Awaz in 1945.
Reason (R): He wanted to reach the Urdu-speaking population and promote nationalist ideas among them.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Qaumi Awaz was part of the Associated Journals group and played a key role in promoting communal harmony during the Partition era.
Q.9: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru’s editorial policy encouraged the use of “Scientific Temper.”
Reason (R): He wanted the Indian press to help eradicate superstition and promote rational thinking.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Nehru viewed the newspaper not just as a news carrier, but as an instrument of social and intellectual modernization.
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___________________________________________________________________________Q.10: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru resigned as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of National Herald in 1946.
Reason (R): He was joining the Interim Government and wanted to maintain a distinction between his political office and the press.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Nehru believed in the ethical separation of state power and media management, though he remained spiritually linked to the paper.
Q.11: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The Independent was started by Motilal Nehru in 1919.
Reason (R): Jawaharlal Nehru served as its first Editor-in-Chief.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. While Motilal Nehru started it, Jawaharlal was a contributor, but the professional editorial staff was different.
Q.12: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru’s newspapers accepted commercial advertisements.
Reason (R): Unlike Gandhi, Nehru felt that advertisements were necessary for the financial viability of a daily newspaper.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Nehru balanced commercial necessity with editorial independence, whereas Gandhi preferred to run papers solely on subscriptions.
Q.13: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru used his editorials to explain the concept of Non-Alignment.
Reason (R): He believed the Indian public needed to understand why India refused to join either the US or the Soviet bloc.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: His journalism often served as a “classroom” for foreign policy for the newly independent nation.
Q.14: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The National Herald was considered the unofficial organ of the Indian National Congress.
Reason (R): The paper was owned by the British Crown and secretly funded by the Viceroy.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. The paper was owned by Associated Journals Ltd, a company formed by Indian nationalists and Congress leaders.
Q.15: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru promoted the creation of the Press Trust of India (PTI).
Reason (R): He wanted to end the monopoly of foreign news agencies like Reuters over Indian news.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: PTI was established in 1947 to ensure an indigenous and objective news flow for independent India.
Q.16: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru’s writing in his editorials was often described as “reflective.”
Reason (R): He frequently wrote in a style that was more philosophical and historical than typical sensationalist journalism.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: His editorial pieces often mirrored the deep, analytical prose found in his books like The Discovery of India.
Q.17: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The National Herald started a Hindi edition titled Navjivan.
Reason (R): The name was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s earlier Gujarati/Hindi publication.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Associated Journals Ltd launched Navjivan (Hindi) to reach the vast Hindi-speaking belt of Northern India.
Q.18: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A):Nehru was a proponent of the first Press Commission of India.
Reason (R): He wanted to evaluate the state of the press and ensure its healthy growth in a democracy.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The First Press Commission was appointed in 1952, leading to the creation of the Press Council of India.
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___________________________________________________________________________Q.19: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru often wrote under pseudonyms during the freedom struggle.
Reason (R): He did so to bypass British censors and express radical views that might have led to the immediate banning of the paper.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Using various names allowed him to maintain a constant dialogue with the public even when under heavy surveillance.
Q.20: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru’s editorial policy focused heavily on Internationalism.
Reason (R): He believed that India’s struggle for freedom was isolated and had no connection to world events.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. Nehru consistently argued that India’s struggle was part of a global movement against imperialism and fascism.
Q.21: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Feroze Gandhi was once the Managing Director of the Associated Journals Ltd.
Reason (R): He wanted to modernize the management and circulation of the National Herald.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Feroze Gandhi brought professional management to the group and was deeply involved in its operational success.
Q.22: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru’s government passed the Working Journalists Act in 1955.
Reason (R): The Act aimed to protect journalists from exploitation and ensure fair wages and working conditions.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This was a landmark piece of legislation that recognized journalists as a distinct class of workers needing legal protection.
Q.23: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Nehru once famously told a cartoonist, “Don’t spare me!”
Reason (R): He was speaking to Shankar Pillai, the founder of Shankar’s Weekly.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This reflected Nehru’s deep commitment to the idea that a leader must be able to withstand satire and criticism.
Q.24: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The National Herald was based in Allahabad at its inception.
Reason (R): Allahabad was the ancestral home of the Nehru family.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false. Although Allahabad was his home, the National Herald was launched and based in Lucknow.
Q.25: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A):Nehru detested “Yellow Journalism.”
Reason (R): He believed that sensationalism and character assassination degraded the moral fiber of the nation.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He often appealed to editors to maintain a high intellectual and ethical standard, even when criticizing the government.