Q.1: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Dr. Ambedkar chose the name ‘Mooknayak’ for his first newspaper.
Reason (R): He believed that the ‘untouchables’ were a voiceless (mute) community that needed a leader to speak for their rights.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Mooknayak translates to “Leader of the Mute.” Ambedkar felt that mainstream media ignored the suffering of the lower castes, making them “voiceless” in the national discourse.
Q.2: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Dr. Ambedkar used verses from Sant Tukaram on the masthead of Mooknayak.
Reason (R): Tukaram’s Bhakti poetry emphasized social equality and criticized religious hypocrisy.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: By using Sant Tukaram, Dr. Ambedkar connected his modern political struggle with the historic spiritual egalitarianism of the Bhakti movement.
Q.3: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Dr. Ambedkar was not the official editor of Mooknayak at its inception.
Reason (R): He was serving as a professor at Sydenham College and government service rules prohibited him from editing a newspaper.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: P.N. Bhatkar was the first official editor. Dr. Ambedkar handled the core intellectual content behind the scenes to avoid legal conflicts with his job.
Q.4: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The ‘Nationalist’ press of Bombay provided massive publicity to the launch of Mooknayak.
Reason (R): Most newspapers in 1920 were committed to the total social integration of all Hindu castes.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false because most papers maintained a “vicious silence.” (R) is false because most were focused strictly on political independence from the British, often ignoring social reform.
Q.5: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur is considered a co-architect of Dr. Ambedkar’s journalism.
Reason (R): He provided the initial financial grant of ₹2,500 to start Mooknayak.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Without the patronage of Shahu Maharaj, the “Leader of the Mute” might never have been published due to Dr. Ambedkar’s lack of personal funds at the time.
Q.6: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Bahishkrit Bharat was launched in 1927.
Reason (R): Dr. Ambedkar felt the need for a stronger mouthpiece to defend the Mahad Satyagraha and the burning of Manusmriti.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Bahishkrit Bharat (Excluded India) was more aggressive than Mooknayak, directly challenging orthodox Hindu critics.
Q.7: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ambedkar used verses of Sant Eknath on the masthead of Bahishkrit Bharat.
Reason (R): Sant Eknath was known for his efforts to bridge the gap between different castes in Maharashtra.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Eknath’s philosophy of “Bhagwat Dharma” was used by Ambedkar to shame those who practiced untouchability while claiming to be religious.
Q.8: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Bahishkrit Bharat faced severe financial instability and eventually stopped publication.
Reason (R): Mainstream businesses refused to give advertisements to a paper that attacked the caste system.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This “economic boycott” was a major hurdle. Ambedkar often had to pay for paper and printing out of his own pocket or small donations from poor followers.
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Q.9: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The newspaper Samata was founded in 1928.
Reason (R): It was the organ of the ‘Samaj Samata Sangh’ (Social Equality League).
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Samata focused heavily on internal reforms within the community, including gender equality and the abolition of sub-caste barriers.
Q.10: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ambedkar’s journalism argued that social reform must precede political independence.
Reason (R): He feared that without social equality, independence would only lead to the “tyranny of the majority” over the minorities.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This was the core of his disagreement with the Congress; he believed “Swaraj” without social reform was incomplete.
Q.11: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The journal Janata was renamed Prabuddha Bharat in 1956.
Reason (R): The name change symbolized Ambedkar’s shift towards the “Enlightened India” through Buddhism.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Prabuddha Bharat reflected the Navayana Buddhist philosophy that Ambedkar embraced in his final year.
Q.12: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ambedkar’s newspapers often featured articles on the Russian and French Revolutions.
Reason (R): He wanted to draw parallels between the struggle of the European working class and the Indian “untouchables.”
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He used global history to educate his readers that their struggle for “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” was part of a worldwide human rights movement.
Q.13: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Janata was the longest-running publication among all of Ambedkar’s newspapers.
Reason (R): It was financially more successful than Mooknayak and Bahishkrit Bharat.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (A) is true (Janata ran from 1930–1956), but (R) is false. It was not “financially successful”; it survived through the extreme sacrifice of its staff and small contributions from laborers.
Q.14: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ambedkar used his papers to criticize the ‘Khot’ system in Konkan.
Reason (R): The Khots were local landlords who exploited Dalit and lower-caste peasants.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Through Janata, Ambedkar bridged the gap between the Dalit movement and the broader peasant/labor movement.
Q.15: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ambedkar believed that a “neutral” press did not exist in India.
Reason (R): He argued that every newspaper served the interests of the class or caste that funded it.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He coined the term “Partisan Press” to describe how mainstream papers ignored the rights of the depressed classes.
Q.16: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Bahishkrit Bharat promoted the idea of “Mass Migration” of Dalits to cities.
Reason (R): Ambedkar viewed the Indian village as a “cesspool” and a “den of ignorance” where casteism was most rigid.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: His journalism encouraged Dalits to leave rural bondage and seek education and industrial jobs in cities like Mumbai.
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Q.17: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Samata argued for the rights of women to inherit property.
Reason (R): Ambedkar believed that the liberation of women was inextricably linked to the liberation of the caste-oppressed.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He used his journals to build support for what would later become the Hindu Code Bill.
Q.18: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ambedkar’s journalism was purely “Dalit-centric” and ignored labor issues.
Reason (R): He was the leader of the Independent Labor Party (ILP).
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: (A) is false because his papers, especially Janata, focused heavily on labor rights, minimum wages, and working hours.
Q.19: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Mooknayak was published every fortnight.
Reason (R): Ambedkar did not have enough content to fill a daily newspaper.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: (R) is false. There was plenty of content; the lack of funds and logistical infrastructure made a daily publication impossible.
Q.20: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): In his editorials, Ambedkar often addressed the British directly.
Reason (R): He wanted the British government to intervene and provide legal safeguards for the untouchables.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: He used his papers to lobby the colonial government for educational grants and political representation.
Q.21: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): The ‘Round Table Conferences’ were a major focus in the pages of Janata.
Reason (R): Ambedkar wanted to communicate his demands for ‘Separate Electorates’ to his followers in India.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Janata acted as a bridge between Ambedkar’s international diplomatic efforts and his grassroots followers.
Q.22: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Bahishkrit Bharat advocated for the “Revolt of the Shudras.”
Reason (R): Ambedkar believed that the Shudras and Ati-Shudras must unite to overthrow Brahmanical hegemony.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This shows his early vision for a “Bahujan” alliance, which he promoted through his writings.
Q.23: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Ambedkar’s papers were written in a simple, colloquial Marathi.
Reason (R): He wanted his message to be understood by the common, often semi-literate, laborer and farmer.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Unlike the “Sanskritized” Marathi of the elite press, Ambedkar’s journalism was direct and accessible.
Q.24: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Janata was instrumental in the success of the Independent Labor Party in the 1937 elections.
Reason (R): It served as the primary campaign tool to reach the electorate in the Bombay Presidency.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: The paper published the party manifesto and detailed the candidate list for the first-ever provincial elections.
Q.25: Read the following statements:
Assertion (A): Prabuddha Bharat focused on the concept of ‘Dhamma’ over ‘Religion’.
Reason (R): Ambedkar interpreted Buddhism as a social philosophy of ethics rather than a supernatural religion.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: This reflects the “Navayana” (New Vehicle) interpretation of Buddhism found in his writings.
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