Q.1: Arrange the following psychological theories in the correct chronological order of their origin:
1) Social Cognitive Theory
2) Cognitive Dissonance Theory
3) Third-Person Effect
4) Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
a) 2, 1, 4, 3
b) 1, 2, 3, 4
c) 2, 4, 1, 3
d) 4, 2, 1, 3
Ans: a) (1957, 1963, 1980, 1983)
Q.2: In which year did Leon Festinger propound the ‘Cognitive Dissonance Theory’, which explains how individuals seek consistency in their beliefs?
a) 1948
b) 1957
c) 1964
d) 1972
Ans: b) 1957
Q.3: The ‘Uses and Gratifications Theory’, as formulated by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch, became a dominant paradigm in media research in which year?
a) 1960
b) 1984
c) 1974
d) 1990
Ans: c) 1974
Q.4: Match the Theory with its Year of Origin:
| List I (Theory) | List II (Year) |
| I. Excitation Transfer Theory | A. 1983 |
| II. Third-Person Effect | B. 1971 |
| III. Priming Theory | C. 1980 |
| IV. Elaboration Likelihood Model | D. 1984 |
a) I-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
b) I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D
c) I-B, II-C, III-D, IV-A
d) I-D, II-A, III-B, IV-C
Ans: a) I-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
Q.5: Albert Bandura’s ‘Social Learning Theory’ was significantly revised and renamed as ‘Social Cognitive Theory’ in which year?
a) 1963
b) 1975
c) 1986
d) 1992
Ans: c) 1986
Q.6: Which of the following theories was propounded most recently among the choices given?
a) Selective Perception (Klapper)
b) Limited Capacity Model (Lang)
c) Schema Theory (Graber’s adaptation)
d) Excitation Transfer (Zillmann)
Ans: b) Lang’s Limited Capacity Model (Lang). It was introduced in 2000
Q.7: W. Phillips Davison introduced the ‘Third-Person Effect’ in the Public Opinion Quarterly in:
a) 1983
b) 1973
c) 1993
d) 1963
Ans: a) 1983
Q.8: The ‘Elaboration Likelihood Model’ (ELM), which describes the dual-process of persuasion, was developed by Petty and Cacioppo in:
a) 1970
b) 1980
c) 1990
d) 1985
Ans: b) 1980
Q.9: Read the following statements carefully:
Assertion (A): The ‘Limited Capacity Model’ of media processing is a relatively modern psychological theory.
Reason (R): It was propounded by Annie Lang in the year 2000.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q.10: Which psychological theory of mass communication was introduced in the same year as Leonard Berkowitz’s ‘Priming Theory’ (1984)?
a) Social Learning Theory
b) Schema Theory (Doris Graber’s adaptation)
c) Cognitive Dissonance
d) Uses and Gratifications
Ans: b) Schema Theory (Doris Graber’s adaptation)