Q.1: Which of the following was the first newspaper edited by Mahatma Gandhi?
a) Young India
b) Indian Opinion
c) Harijan
d) Navajivan
Ans: b)
Imp Facts:
Gandhi started Indian Opinion in 1903 in South Africa. It served as a vital tool for the Indian community to voice their grievances against racial discrimination.
Q.2: In which year was the first issue of Indian Opinion published?
a) 1893
b) 1915
c) 1903
d) 1906
Ans: c)
Imp Facts:
The paper was launched on June 4, 1903, in Durban, South Africa, and later moved to the Phoenix Settlement.
Q.3: Who was the first formal editor of the newspaper Indian Opinion?
a) M.K. Gandhi
b) Mansukhlal Nazar
c) Henry Polak
d) Mahadev Desai
Ans: b)
Imp Facts:
Although Gandhi was the guiding force, Mansukhlal Nazar served as the first honorary editor until his death in 1906.
Q.4: Which of these languages was NOT initially used for Indian Opinion?
a) English
b) Gujarati
c) Marathi
d) Tamil
Ans: c)
Imp Facts:
Initially, Indian Opinion was published in English, Gujarati, Hindi, and Tamil to reach the diverse Indian diaspora in South Africa.
Q.5: What was the primary reason Gandhi decided to stop all advertisements in his newspapers?
a) To avoid taxes
b) Lack of interested advertisers
c) To maintain editorial independence and focus on service
d) High cost of printing ads
Ans: c)
Imp Facts:
Gandhi believed that dependence on advertising revenue would compromise the paper’s integrity and its mission to serve the truth.
Q.6: Young India was an English weekly. Which city did Gandhi move its operations to in 1919?
a) Bombay
b) Ahmedabad
c) Wardha
d) Pune
Ans: b)
Imp Facts:
Gandhi moved Young India to Ahmedabad to align its production with his Gujarati paper, Navajivan.
Q.7: Which newspaper did Gandhi start specifically to address the issues of caste discrimination and “untouchability”?
a) Satyagraha
b) Harijan
c) Young India
d) Swaraj
Ans: b)
Imp Facts:
Harijan (meaning “Children of God”) was started in 1933 while Gandhi was in Yerwada Jail.
Q.8: The famous article “Shaking the Manes” was published in which newspaper?
a) Indian Opinion
b) Harijan
c) Young India
d) Navajivan
Ans: c)
Imp Facts:
Published on February 23, 1922, this article was one of the three used to charge Gandhi with sedition.
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Q.9: Under which Section of the Indian Penal Code was Gandhi charged for his writings in 1922?
a) Section 144
b) Section 124A
c) Section 302
d) Section 153A
Ans: b)
Imp Facts:
Section 124A deals with “Sedition.” Gandhi was sentenced to six years for articles published in Young India.
Q.10: What did Gandhi describe as the “sole aim of journalism”?
a) Profit making
b) National propaganda
c) Service
d) Entertainment
Ans: c)
Imp Facts:
Gandhi viewed journalism as a moral duty to educate the public and reform society, not as a commercial venture.
Q.11: Which article led to the famous “Great Trial” of 1922?
a) Tampering with Loyalty
b) The Crime of Chauri Chaura
c) A Penance for Our Sins
d) Both a and b
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: “Tampering with Loyalty” (Sept 1921) was cited by the British as a primary reason for the sedition charge.
Q.12: Gandhi’s newspaper Navajivan was primarily published in which language?
a) Hindi
b) Marathi
c) Gujarati
d) English
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: Navajivan was the Gujarati counterpart to Young India, though a Hindi version was later added.
Q.13: In which year did Gandhi stop the publication of Young India and Navajivan?
a) 1922
b) 1931
c) 1942
d) 1947
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: These papers were replaced by the Harijan series in 1933.
Q.14: Who assisted Gandhi as the publisher of Young India and was also arrested during the 1922 trial?
a) Shankerlal Banker
b) Mahadev Desai
c) Pyarelal Nayyar
d) C.F. Andrews
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: Shankerlal Banker was the printer and publisher of Young India and stood trial alongside Gandhi.
Q.15: The article “The Puzzle and Its Solution” was published on which date?
a) 29 September 1921
b) 15 December 1921
c) 23 February 1922
d) 10 March 1922
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: This was the second of the three “seditious” articles mentioned in the 1922 trial.
Q.16: Which of these was a “supplement” paper to Harijan, published in Gujarati?
a) Harijan Sevak
b) Harijan Bandhu
c) Harijan Navajivan
d) Harijan Patrika
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: Harijan Bandhu was the Gujarati weekly, while Harijan Sevak was the Hindi weekly.
Q.17: What was Gandhi’s view on the language used in journalism?
a) It should be highly academic
b) It should be simple and direct
c) It should use complex English vocabulary
d) It should be Sanskritized
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: Gandhi believed that if the common man could not understand the paper, the paper had failed its purpose.
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Q.18: In which city was Harijan first published?
a) Ahmedabad
b) Pune
c) Wardha
d) Delhi
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: The first issue of Harijan was published on February 11, 1933, from Pune (then Poona).
Q.19: Gandhi believed a newspaper should only run if:
a) The government provided a subsidy
b) It was supported by its subscribers
c) It had enough corporate ads
d) It was free for everyone
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: He argued that if the public did not find the paper useful enough to pay for it, it should cease to exist.
Q.20: The title “Shaking the Manes” refers to which animal’s power?
a) The Tiger
b) The Elephant
c) The Lion
d) The Bull
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: The “Manes” refers to the British Lion. Gandhi used the metaphor to describe the British government’s display of force.
Q.21: Which publication was launched by Gandhi during the Salt Satyagraha when formal printing was banned?
a) Satyagraha Patrika
b) Salt News
c) Dandi Marcher
d) Rebel India
Ans: a)
Imp Facts: During times of heavy censorship, Gandhi often used cyclostyled or handwritten news sheets called Satyagraha Patrika.
Q.22: Who succeeded Mansukhlal Nazar as the editor of Indian Opinion?
a) Henry Polak
b) Rev. Joseph Doke
c) Herbert Kitchin
d) Both a and c at different times
Ans: d)
Imp Facts: After Nazar, several close associates of Gandhi handled editorial duties before Gandhi took complete control.
Q.23: What was the main focus of the “Death Dance” article (March 1922)?
a) To promote folk dance
b) To condemn violence in Chauri Chaura
c) To celebrate the end of British rule
d) To criticize the Salt Tax
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: Gandhi used “Death Dance” to describe the horrific violence that occurred when the non-violent movement turned into a mob.
Q.24: Gandhi often used his newspapers to promote which specific economic movement?
a) Industrialization
b) Khadi and spinning
c) Stock market investing
d) International trade
Ans: b)
Imp Facts: He used his columns to teach people how to spin, the economics of hand-woven cloth, and rural self-reliance.
Q.25: Which of Gandhi’s papers had the widest circulation among the rural masses?
a) Young India
b) Indian Opinion
c) Navajivan
d) The Statesman
Ans: c)
Imp Facts: Because it was in the mother tongue (Gujarati/Hindi) and addressed local issues, Navajivan reached further into the villages.